Forms and Input Handling

Build complex forms with validation and error handling in React.

Understanding Forms in React: From Basic to Advanced

Forms are everywhere on the web - from simple search boxes to complex registration forms. In React, we handle forms differently than in traditional HTML, giving us more control and better user experiences. Let's start from the very basics and build up to advanced form handling techniques.

Why Forms Matter Forms are how users interact with your application:

  • Login forms: How users access their accounts
  • Registration forms: How new users sign up
  • Contact forms: How users get in touch
  • Order forms: How users make purchases
  • Settings forms: How users customize their experience

The Traditional HTML Way vs The React Way In traditional HTML, forms work like this:

  1. User fills out the form
  2. User clicks submit
  3. Browser sends data to server
  4. Page refreshes with response

In React, we can do much better:

  1. User types → React updates immediately
  2. Instant validation as they type
  3. Dynamic form fields based on choices
  4. Submit without page refresh
  5. Better error handling and user feedback

Your First React Form: Starting Simple Before diving into controlled components, let's see the simplest possible form in React. This will help you understand why controlled components are useful.

1// 🎯 SIMPLE FORM EXAMPLE - Understanding the Basics
2

3import React from 'react';
4

5// ❌ NOT RECOMMENDED: Basic form without React state
6function SimpleHTMLForm() {
7  const handleSubmit = (e) => {
8    e.preventDefault(); // Prevent page refresh
9    
10    // Access form data the old-fashioned way
11    const formData = new FormData(e.target);
12    const name = formData.get('name');
13    const email = formData.get('email');
14    
15    console.log('Submitted:', { name, email });
16  };
17  
18  return (
19    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
20      <h3>Simple HTML Form (Not Recommended)</h3>
21      
22      <div>
23        <label>Name:</label>
24        <input type="text" name="name" />
25      </div>
26      
27      <div>
28        <label>Email:</label>
29        <input type="email" name="email" />
30      </div>
31      
32      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
33    </form>
34  );
35}
36

37// ✅ RECOMMENDED: Your first controlled form
38function MyFirstControlledForm() {
39  // Step 1: Create state for each input
40  const [name, setName] = useState('');
41  const [email, setEmail] = useState('');
42  
43  // Step 2: Handle input changes
44  const handleNameChange = (e) => {
45    setName(e.target.value);
46  };
47  
48  const handleEmailChange = (e) => {
49    setEmail(e.target.value);
50  };
51  
52  // Step 3: Handle form submission
53  const handleSubmit = (e) => {
54    e.preventDefault();
55    console.log('Submitted:', { name, email });
56    
57    // Clear form after submission
58    setName('');
59    setEmail('');
60  };
61  
62  return (
63    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
64      <h3>My First Controlled Form</h3>
65      
66      <div>
67        <label>
68          Name:
69          <input 
70            type="text" 
71            value={name}           // Controlled by React state
72            onChange={handleNameChange}  // Update state on change
73          />
74        </label>
75        <p>You typed: {name}</p>   {/* See the value in real-time! */}
76      </div>
77      
78      <div>
79        <label>
80          Email:
81          <input 
82            type="email" 
83            value={email}
84            onChange={handleEmailChange}
85          />
86        </label>
87        <p>Your email: {email}</p>
88      </div>
89      
90      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
91      
92      {/* Show current form state */}
93      <div style={{ marginTop: '20px', padding: '10px', backgroundColor: '#f0f0f0' }}>
94        <h4>Current Form State:</h4>
95        <pre>{JSON.stringify({ name, email }, null, 2)}</pre>
96      </div>
97    </form>
98  );
99}

Controlled Components: The Foundation of React Forms

Controlled components are one of the most important concepts in React form handling. Think of them as form inputs that are "controlled" by React state - React becomes the single source of truth for what the user sees and types. This might seem like extra work at first, but it gives you superpowers when building interactive forms!

What Are Controlled Components? In traditional HTML, form elements like <input>, <textarea>, and <select> maintain their own state. When a user types into an input field, the browser manages what's displayed. With controlled components, React takes over this responsibility. The current value of the input is stored in React state, and any changes go through React first.

Real-World Analogy Imagine you're a teacher writing on a whiteboard. In traditional HTML forms, it's like students writing directly on the board themselves - you can see what they wrote, but you don't control it. With controlled components, it's like students telling you what to write, and you write it on the board. You have complete control over what appears, how it's formatted, and whether to accept or reject their input.

Why Use Controlled Components?

  1. Single Source of Truth: All form data lives in one place (React state), making it easy to access and manage
  2. Input Validation: You can validate user input in real-time as they type
  3. Input Formatting: Automatically format phone numbers, credit cards, or dates as users type
  4. Conditional Logic: Show/hide fields or change options based on other inputs
  5. Form Persistence: Easily save form state to localStorage or restore previous values
  6. Debugging: See exactly what's in your form at any time through React DevTools

The Two-Way Data Binding Pattern Controlled components implement a pattern called "two-way data binding":

  1. The component's state determines what's displayed in the input (state → UI)
  2. User interactions update the state, which then updates the display (UI → state → UI)

Common Input Types and How to Control Them:

  • Text Inputs: Control with value prop
  • Checkboxes: Control with checked prop
  • Radio Buttons: Control with checked prop for each option
  • Select Dropdowns: Control with value prop on the select element
  • Textareas: Control with value prop

Benefits Over Uncontrolled Components:

  • Instant input validation
  • Dynamic form fields
  • Easier testing
  • Better integration with React ecosystem
  • Predictable behavior
1// 🌟 CONTROLLED COMPONENTS EXAMPLE
2// Demonstrating basic form input types and patterns
3

4import React, { useState } from 'react';
5

6function BasicControlledForm() {
7  // Single source of truth for all form data
8  const [formData, setFormData] = useState({
9    username: '',
10    email: '',
11    age: '',
12    bio: '',
13    country: '',
14    newsletter: false,
15    experience: 'beginner',
16    interests: []
17  });
18

19  // Generic handler for most inputs
20  const handleInputChange = (e) => {
21    const { name, value, type, checked } = e.target;
22    
23    setFormData(prev => ({
24      ...prev,
25      [name]: type === 'checkbox' ? checked : value
26    }));
27  };
28

29  // Special handler for multi-select checkboxes
30  const handleInterestChange = (interest) => {
31    setFormData(prev => ({
32      ...prev,
33      interests: prev.interests.includes(interest)
34        ? prev.interests.filter(i => i !== interest)
35        : [...prev.interests, interest]
36    }));
37  };
38

39  const handleSubmit = (e) => {
40    e.preventDefault();
41    console.log('Form submitted:', formData);
42  };
43

44  return (
45    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
46      {/* Text Input */}
47      <div>
48        <label>
49          Username:
50          <input
51            type="text"
52            name="username"
53            value={formData.username}
54            onChange={handleInputChange}
55          />
56        </label>
57      </div>
58

59      {/* Email Input */}
60      <div>
61        <label>
62          Email:
63          <input
64            type="email"
65            name="email"
66            value={formData.email}
67            onChange={handleInputChange}
68          />
69        </label>
70      </div>
71

72      {/* Number Input */}
73      <div>
74        <label>
75          Age:
76          <input
77            type="number"
78            name="age"
79            value={formData.age}
80            onChange={handleInputChange}
81            min="1"
82            max="120"
83          />
84        </label>
85      </div>
86

87      {/* Textarea */}
88      <div>
89        <label>
90          Bio:
91          <textarea
92            name="bio"
93            value={formData.bio}
94            onChange={handleInputChange}
95            rows="4"
96          />
97        </label>
98      </div>
99

100      {/* Select Dropdown */}
101      <div>
102        <label>
103          Country:
104          <select
105            name="country"
106            value={formData.country}
107            onChange={handleInputChange}
108          >
109            <option value="">-- Select --</option>
110            <option value="us">United States</option>
111            <option value="uk">United Kingdom</option>
112            <option value="ca">Canada</option>
113          </select>
114        </label>
115      </div>
116

117      {/* Checkbox */}
118      <div>
119        <label>
120          <input
121            type="checkbox"
122            name="newsletter"
123            checked={formData.newsletter}
124            onChange={handleInputChange}
125          />
126          Subscribe to newsletter
127        </label>
128      </div>
129

130      {/* Radio Buttons */}
131      <fieldset>
132        <legend>Experience Level:</legend>
133        {['beginner', 'intermediate', 'advanced'].map(level => (
134          <label key={level}>
135            <input
136              type="radio"
137              name="experience"
138              value={level}
139              checked={formData.experience === level}
140              onChange={handleInputChange}
141            />
142            {level.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + level.slice(1)}
143          </label>
144        ))}
145      </fieldset>
146

147      {/* Multiple Checkboxes */}
148      <fieldset>
149        <legend>Interests:</legend>
150        {['React', 'Vue', 'Angular'].map(tech => (
151          <label key={tech}>
152            <input
153              type="checkbox"
154              checked={formData.interests.includes(tech)}
155              onChange={() => handleInterestChange(tech)}
156            />
157            {tech}
158          </label>
159        ))}
160      </fieldset>
161

162      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
163

164      {/* Display current form state */}
165      <div style={{ marginTop: '20px' }}>
166        <h4>Form State:</h4>
167        <pre>{JSON.stringify(formData, null, 2)}</pre>
168      </div>
169    </form>
170  );
171}
172

173// Additional examples showing input formatting
174function FormattedInputExample() {
175  const [phone, setPhone] = useState('');
176  
177  // Format phone number as (123) 456-7890
178  const formatPhoneNumber = (value) => {
179    const phoneNumber = value.replace(/D/g, '');
180    if (phoneNumber.length < 4) return phoneNumber;
181    if (phoneNumber.length < 7) {
182      return `(${phoneNumber.slice(0, 3)}) ${phoneNumber.slice(3)}`;
183    }
184    return `(${phoneNumber.slice(0, 3)}) ${phoneNumber.slice(3, 6)}-${phoneNumber.slice(6, 10)}`;
185  };
186  
187  return (
188    <div>
189      <label>
190        Phone Number:
191        <input
192          type="tel"
193          value={phone}
194          onChange={(e) => setPhone(formatPhoneNumber(e.target.value))}
195          placeholder="(123) 456-7890"
196        />
197      </label>
198    </div>
199  );
200}
201

202// Dynamic form fields example
203function DynamicFormFields() {
204  const [participants, setParticipants] = useState([
205    { id: 1, name: '', email: '' }
206  ]);
207  
208  const addParticipant = () => {
209    const newId = participants.length + 1;
210    setParticipants([...participants, { id: newId, name: '', email: '' }]);
211  };
212  
213  const removeParticipant = (id) => {
214    setParticipants(participants.filter(p => p.id !== id));
215  };
216  
217  const updateParticipant = (id, field, value) => {
218    setParticipants(participants.map(p => 
219      p.id === id ? { ...p, [field]: value } : p
220    ));
221  };
222  
223  return (
224    <div>
225      {participants.map((participant, index) => (
226        <div key={participant.id}>
227          <h4>Participant {index + 1}</h4>
228          <input
229            type="text"
230            placeholder="Name"
231            value={participant.name}
232            onChange={(e) => updateParticipant(participant.id, 'name', e.target.value)}
233          />
234          <input
235            type="email"
236            placeholder="Email"
237            value={participant.email}
238            onChange={(e) => updateParticipant(participant.id, 'email', e.target.value)}
239          />
240          {participants.length > 1 && (
241            <button onClick={() => removeParticipant(participant.id)}>
242              Remove
243            </button>
244          )}
245        </div>
246      ))}
247      <button onClick={addParticipant}>Add Participant</button>
248    </div>
249  );
250}
251

252// 💡 KEY TAKEAWAYS:
253// 1. Controlled components give you full control over form inputs
254// 2. React state is the single source of truth
255// 3. You can format, validate, and transform input in real-time
256// 4. Dynamic and conditional forms are easy to implement

Form Validation: Ensuring Data Quality

Form validation is crucial for ensuring users provide correct and complete information. React gives us the flexibility to implement validation in multiple ways, from simple required fields to complex business rules. Let's explore how to build robust form validation that provides great user experience.

Why Validation Matters Good validation:

  • Prevents errors: Catches mistakes before they reach your server
  • Saves time: Users fix issues immediately instead of after submission
  • Improves UX: Clear feedback helps users succeed
  • Reduces server load: Invalid data never gets sent
  • Ensures data quality: Your database stays clean and consistent

Types of Validation

  1. Field-level validation: Check individual fields as users type
  2. Form-level validation: Check the entire form before submission
  3. Async validation: Check with server (username availability, etc.)
  4. Cross-field validation: Validate fields that depend on each other

When to Validate

  • On change: Immediate feedback as users type
  • On blur: When users leave a field
  • On submit: Final check before sending data
  • Debounced: After user stops typing for a moment

Validation Best Practices

  • Show errors clearly but not aggressively
  • Provide helpful error messages
  • Indicate required fields
  • Show success states too
  • Don't validate empty optional fields
  • Consider accessibility (screen readers)
1// 🎯 FORM VALIDATION EXAMPLE
2

3import React, { useState, useEffect } from 'react';
4

5function ValidationExample() {
6  const [formData, setFormData] = useState({
7    email: '',
8    password: '',
9    confirmPassword: ''
10  });
11  
12  const [errors, setErrors] = useState({});
13  const [touched, setTouched] = useState({});
14  
15  // Validation logic
16  const validateField = (name, value) => {
17    switch (name) {
18      case 'email':
19        if (!value) return 'Email is required';
20        if (!/S+@S+.S+/.test(value)) return 'Email is invalid';
21        return '';
22      
23      case 'password':
24        if (!value) return 'Password is required';
25        if (value.length < 8) return 'Password must be at least 8 characters';
26        if (!/[A-Z]/.test(value)) return 'Password must contain uppercase';
27        if (!/[a-z]/.test(value)) return 'Password must contain lowercase';
28        if (!/[0-9]/.test(value)) return 'Password must contain a number';
29        return '';
30      
31      case 'confirmPassword':
32        if (!value) return 'Please confirm your password';
33        if (value !== formData.password) return 'Passwords do not match';
34        return '';
35      
36      default:
37        return '';
38    }
39  };
40  
41  const handleChange = (e) => {
42    const { name, value } = e.target;
43    setFormData(prev => ({ ...prev, [name]: value }));
44    
45    // Validate if field has been touched
46    if (touched[name]) {
47      setErrors(prev => ({ ...prev, [name]: validateField(name, value) }));
48    }
49  };
50  
51  const handleBlur = (e) => {
52    const { name, value } = e.target;
53    setTouched(prev => ({ ...prev, [name]: true }));
54    setErrors(prev => ({ ...prev, [name]: validateField(name, value) }));
55  };
56  
57  const handleSubmit = (e) => {
58    e.preventDefault();
59    
60    // Validate all fields
61    const newErrors = {};
62    Object.keys(formData).forEach(key => {
63      const error = validateField(key, formData[key]);
64      if (error) newErrors[key] = error;
65    });
66    
67    setErrors(newErrors);
68    setTouched({ email: true, password: true, confirmPassword: true });
69    
70    if (Object.keys(newErrors).length === 0) {
71      console.log('Form is valid! Submitting...', formData);
72    }
73  };
74  
75  return (
76    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit}>
77      <div>
78        <label>
79          Email:
80          <input
81            type="email"
82            name="email"
83            value={formData.email}
84            onChange={handleChange}
85            onBlur={handleBlur}
86            style={{ borderColor: errors.email && touched.email ? 'red' : '' }}
87          />
88        </label>
89        {errors.email && touched.email && (
90          <span style={{ color: 'red', fontSize: '14px' }}>{errors.email}</span>
91        )}
92      </div>
93      
94      <div>
95        <label>
96          Password:
97          <input
98            type="password"
99            name="password"
100            value={formData.password}
101            onChange={handleChange}
102            onBlur={handleBlur}
103            style={{ borderColor: errors.password && touched.password ? 'red' : '' }}
104          />
105        </label>
106        {errors.password && touched.password && (
107          <span style={{ color: 'red', fontSize: '14px' }}>{errors.password}</span>
108        )}
109      </div>
110      
111      <div>
112        <label>
113          Confirm Password:
114          <input
115            type="password"
116            name="confirmPassword"
117            value={formData.confirmPassword}
118            onChange={handleChange}
119            onBlur={handleBlur}
120            style={{ borderColor: errors.confirmPassword && touched.confirmPassword ? 'red' : '' }}
121          />
122        </label>
123        {errors.confirmPassword && touched.confirmPassword && (
124          <span style={{ color: 'red', fontSize: '14px' }}>{errors.confirmPassword}</span>
125        )}
126      </div>
127      
128      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
129    </form>
130  );
131}
132

133// Async validation example
134function AsyncValidation() {
135  const [username, setUsername] = useState('');
136  const [isChecking, setIsChecking] = useState(false);
137  const [isAvailable, setIsAvailable] = useState(null);
138  
139  // Debounced username check
140  useEffect(() => {
141    if (!username || username.length < 3) {
142      setIsAvailable(null);
143      return;
144    }
145    
146    const timeoutId = setTimeout(async () => {
147      setIsChecking(true);
148      
149      // Simulate API call
150      await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
151      
152      // Check if username is taken
153      const taken = ['admin', 'user', 'test'].includes(username.toLowerCase());
154      setIsAvailable(!taken);
155      setIsChecking(false);
156    }, 500);
157    
158    return () => clearTimeout(timeoutId);
159  }, [username]);
160  
161  return (
162    <div>
163      <label>
164        Username:
165        <input
166          type="text"
167          value={username}
168          onChange={(e) => setUsername(e.target.value)}
169          placeholder="Check availability"
170        />
171        {isChecking && <span> Checking...</span>}
172        {!isChecking && isAvailable === true && <span style={{ color: 'green' }}> ✓ Available</span>}
173        {!isChecking && isAvailable === false && <span style={{ color: 'red' }}> ✗ Taken</span>}
174      </label>
175    </div>
176  );
177}
178

179// 💡 KEY VALIDATION TAKEAWAYS:
180// 1. Validate on blur for better UX
181// 2. Show errors only after user interaction (touched)
182// 3. Validate all fields on submit
183// 4. Use clear, helpful error messages
184// 5. Consider async validation for unique fields

Custom Form Hooks: Reusable Form Logic

As you build more forms, you'll notice patterns emerging. Custom hooks allow you to extract and reuse form logic across different components. This makes your code more maintainable and your forms more consistent.

What Are Custom Hooks? Custom hooks are JavaScript functions that:

  • Start with "use" (like useForm, useValidation)
  • Can call other hooks
  • Return values and functions for your components to use
  • Encapsulate complex logic in a reusable way

Benefits of Custom Form Hooks

  1. Code Reusability: Write validation logic once, use it everywhere
  2. Consistency: All forms behave the same way
  3. Separation of Concerns: UI components stay focused on rendering
  4. Easier Testing: Test form logic independently
  5. Better Organization: Keep form logic in one place

Common Custom Hook Patterns

  • useForm: Manages form state and validation
  • useField: Manages individual field state
  • useValidation: Handles validation rules
  • useFormSubmit: Manages submission state and API calls
  • useDebounce: Delays validation or API calls

When to Create Custom Hooks Create a custom hook when you:

  • Repeat the same logic in multiple components
  • Have complex state management logic
  • Want to share stateful logic between components
  • Need to organize complex component logic
1// 🎯 CUSTOM FORM HOOKS EXAMPLE
2

3import React, { useState, useEffect, useCallback } from 'react';
4

5// Custom hook for form management
6function useForm(initialValues, validate) {
7  const [values, setValues] = useState(initialValues);
8  const [errors, setErrors] = useState({});
9  const [touched, setTouched] = useState({});
10  const [isSubmitting, setIsSubmitting] = useState(false);
11

12  // Handle input changes
13  const handleChange = useCallback((e) => {
14    const { name, value, type, checked } = e.target;
15    const fieldValue = type === 'checkbox' ? checked : value;
16    
17    setValues(prev => ({
18      ...prev,
19      [name]: fieldValue
20    }));
21    
22    // Validate on change if field was touched
23    if (touched[name] && validate) {
24      const validationErrors = validate({ ...values, [name]: fieldValue });
25      setErrors(prev => ({
26        ...prev,
27        [name]: validationErrors[name]
28      }));
29    }
30  }, [values, touched, validate]);
31

32  // Handle blur events
33  const handleBlur = useCallback((e) => {
34    const { name } = e.target;
35    setTouched(prev => ({ ...prev, [name]: true }));
36    
37    if (validate) {
38      const validationErrors = validate(values);
39      setErrors(prev => ({
40        ...prev,
41        [name]: validationErrors[name]
42      }));
43    }
44  }, [values, validate]);
45

46  // Handle form submission
47  const handleSubmit = useCallback((onSubmit) => async (e) => {
48    e.preventDefault();
49    setIsSubmitting(true);
50    
51    // Touch all fields
52    const touchedAll = {};
53    Object.keys(values).forEach(key => {
54      touchedAll[key] = true;
55    });
56    setTouched(touchedAll);
57    
58    // Validate all fields
59    const validationErrors = validate ? validate(values) : {};
60    setErrors(validationErrors);
61    
62    // Submit if no errors
63    if (Object.keys(validationErrors).length === 0) {
64      await onSubmit(values);
65    }
66    
67    setIsSubmitting(false);
68  }, [values, validate]);
69

70  // Reset form
71  const resetForm = useCallback(() => {
72    setValues(initialValues);
73    setErrors({});
74    setTouched({});
75    setIsSubmitting(false);
76  }, [initialValues]);
77

78  return {
79    values,
80    errors,
81    touched,
82    isSubmitting,
83    handleChange,
84    handleBlur,
85    handleSubmit,
86    resetForm
87  };
88}
89

90// Example: Contact form using custom hook
91function ContactForm() {
92  // Validation function
93  const validate = (values) => {
94    const errors = {};
95    
96    if (!values.name) {
97      errors.name = 'Name is required';
98    } else if (values.name.length < 2) {
99      errors.name = 'Name must be at least 2 characters';
100    }
101    
102    if (!values.email) {
103      errors.email = 'Email is required';
104    } else if (!/S+@S+.S+/.test(values.email)) {
105      errors.email = 'Email is invalid';
106    }
107    
108    if (!values.message) {
109      errors.message = 'Message is required';
110    } else if (values.message.length < 10) {
111      errors.message = 'Message must be at least 10 characters';
112    }
113    
114    return errors;
115  };
116  
117  // Use the custom hook
118  const {
119    values,
120    errors,
121    touched,
122    isSubmitting,
123    handleChange,
124    handleBlur,
125    handleSubmit,
126    resetForm
127  } = useForm(
128    { name: '', email: '', message: '' },
129    validate
130  );
131  
132  // Submit handler
133  const onSubmit = async (formValues) => {
134    console.log('Submitting:', formValues);
135    // Simulate API call
136    await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 1000));
137    alert('Form submitted successfully!');
138    resetForm();
139  };
140  
141  return (
142    <form onSubmit={handleSubmit(onSubmit)}>
143      <div>
144        <input
145          type="text"
146          name="name"
147          placeholder="Your Name"
148          value={values.name}
149          onChange={handleChange}
150          onBlur={handleBlur}
151        />
152        {errors.name && touched.name && (
153          <span style={{ color: 'red' }}>{errors.name}</span>
154        )}
155      </div>
156      
157      <div>
158        <input
159          type="email"
160          name="email"
161          placeholder="Your Email"
162          value={values.email}
163          onChange={handleChange}
164          onBlur={handleBlur}
165        />
166        {errors.email && touched.email && (
167          <span style={{ color: 'red' }}>{errors.email}</span>
168        )}
169      </div>
170      
171      <div>
172        <textarea
173          name="message"
174          placeholder="Your Message"
175          value={values.message}
176          onChange={handleChange}
177          onBlur={handleBlur}
178          rows="4"
179        />
180        {errors.message && touched.message && (
181          <span style={{ color: 'red' }}>{errors.message}</span>
182        )}
183      </div>
184      
185      <button type="submit" disabled={isSubmitting}>
186        {isSubmitting ? 'Sending...' : 'Send Message'}
187      </button>
188      <button type="button" onClick={resetForm}>
189        Reset
190      </button>
191    </form>
192  );
193}
194

195// Custom hook for debouncing
196function useDebounce(value, delay) {
197  const [debouncedValue, setDebouncedValue] = useState(value);
198  
199  useEffect(() => {
200    const handler = setTimeout(() => {
201      setDebouncedValue(value);
202    }, delay);
203    
204    return () => clearTimeout(handler);
205  }, [value, delay]);
206  
207  return debouncedValue;
208}
209

210// 💡 CUSTOM HOOK BEST PRACTICES:
211// 1. Always prefix custom hooks with "use"
212// 2. Keep hooks focused on a single responsibility
213// 3. Return an object for easier destructuring
214// 4. Make hooks reusable across components
215// 5. Handle cleanup in useEffect hooks
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